Parent praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade academic achievement via children’s incremental mindsets.

Parent praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade academic achievement via children's incremental mindsets.

In a previous study, parent-child praise was observed in natural interactions at home when children were 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Children who received a relatively high proportion of process praise (e.g., praise for effort and strategies) showed stronger incremental motivational frameworks, including a belief that intelligence can be developed and a greater desire for challenge, when they wer...

Leveraging Mindsets to Promote Academic Achievement: Policy Recommendations.

The United States must improve its students' educational achievement. Race, gender, and social class gaps persist, and, overall, U.S. students rank poorly among peers globally. Scientific research shows that students' psychology-their "academic mindsets"-have a critical role in educational achievement. Yet policymakers have not taken full advantage of cost-effective and well-validated mindset i...

Predicting Academic Achievement in Fourth Grade form Kindergarten Cognitive, Behavioural and Motor Skills

I. Portions of this content originally appeared in Pagani, L. S., FitzPatrick, c., archambauLt, i., & JanoSz, M. (2010). School readiness and later achievement: A French Canadian replication and extension. Developmental Psychology, 46 (5), 984-994. doi:10.1037/a0018881. Copyright © 2010 by the American Psychological Association. Adapted with permission. No further reproduction or distribution i...

Mindsets and Math/Science Achievement

Parent praise to 1- to 3-year-olds predicts children's motivational frameworks 5 years later.

In laboratory studies, praising children's effort encourages them to adopt incremental motivational frameworks--they believe ability is malleable, attribute success to hard work, enjoy challenges, and generate strategies for improvement. In contrast, praising children's inherent abilities encourages them to adopt fixed-ability frameworks. Does the praise parents spontaneously give children at h...